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Project: 2010-03. Report - Quantifying the impact of Swiss needle cast of Douglas–fir
Forest Health News # 213
- Phaeocryptopus gaeumannii, the cause of Swiss needle cast of Douglas fir (Pseudotsuga menziesii), has been present in New Zealand for more than 50 years. Although much is now known about this disease, important questions remain. irstly, symptoms are not spectacular, raising questions about its real importance. Stands still look green so does infection really reduce growth, and if so by how much? Secondly, direct control using aerial spraying is not economic, so what is the best way to manage it? In particular, are there regions in New Zealand where improved varieties of Douglas fir can be established without being too severely affected by the disease?
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Predicting the severity of Swiss needle cast on Douglas-fir under current and future climate in New Zealand - Forest Ecology and Management 260 (2010) 2232–2240 - download (.pdf 668.08 kB)
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Scion
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271.89 kB
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.pdf
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Feb 2011
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Project: 2009-04. Report - Optimising Phytophthora Management in radiata pine seedlings
- The most common causal agents of root rot in forest nurseries are species of the oomycete genus Phytophthora. Phytophthora cinnamomi and Phytophthora cactorum are widely distributed in New Zealand. Phytophthora spp. produce motile zoospores that require free water for dispersal. Although young seedlings of many plant species are susceptible to infection, phytophthora root rot is seldom a problem in plantations in New Zealand.
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T.Reglinski
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345.31 kB
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.pdf
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2009
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Project: 2009-03. The role of bark beetles as vectors in the colonisation of windthrown timber by fungi
- Earlier work that was undertaken at the beginning of this study has already been published: Predicting sapstain and degrade in fallen trees following storm damage in a Pinus radiata forest. Forest Ecology and Management 260, 1456-1466 - download (.pdf - 383.51 kb)
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McCarthy, Brockerhoff, Hood, Carlson, Varsani, Didham
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855.72 kB
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.pdf
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May
2011
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Project: 2009-02. Report - Revision of the NZFFA web site on forest pests & disease
- Pests & disease information database for forestry
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Satchell
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link
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2009
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Project 2009-01. A guide to understanding nectria flute canker-related defect in mature trees
- The primary objective of this field guide is to assist in the identificatoin and assessment of defect caused by nectria lfute canker in mature trees, with particular reference to pre-harvest invenotry of prunded stems. A secondary objective is to provide an assessmet method for quickly checking the value of batches of sawn timber
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Hopkins, Dick, McConchie
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1.29 MB
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.pdf
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2009
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Project 2008-FBRC-13010 - Needle diseases of radiata pine in New Zealand
- This review is funded by the Forest Biosecurity Research Council and written for the New Zealand forest industry. It summarises results of research in New Zealand on needle diseases of plantation pines. Overseas work is described if it has application to New Zealand forestry. The aim is to provide a reference point from which to identify future research needs. These needs are listed and summarised, with the aim of assisting development of a research strategy for foliar pathogens of Pinus radiata. Deliberately, future research needs are not prioritised because it was thought that industry should advise researchers on what research activities should be undertaken, rather than the reverse.
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Bulman, Ganley, Dick
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1.21 MB
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.pdf
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2008
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Project: 2008-03. Report - Herbarium specimens: opening the treasure trove
- An improved method was developed for extracting DNA from pine needles. The best method involved using some components from a commercial DNA extraction kit, along with enzymatic lysis and a simplified purification step. A significant (> 4–fold) increase in yield was obtained using the new method compared to using either of two popular commercial DNA extraction kits. All DNA extracted was tested for suitability for PCR amplification using pinespecific PCR primers.
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Bradshaw, Schwelm, Owen
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175.13 kB
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.pdf
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2009
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Project: 2008-02. Report - Assessing biodiversity in indigenous forests – methods for FSC & health
- The Forest Stewardship Council (FSC) requires that biodiversity in exotic forests and indigenous forests grown for timber or as indigenous ecosystems, including pockets/remnants of indigenous forest, is assessed. The objective of this Forest Health Research Collaborative umbrella project is, therefore, to identify the requirement for and methods preferred by foresters for assessing biodiversity in indigenous ecosystems including pockets/remnants of indigenous forest.
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Martin
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95.39 kB
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.pdf
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2008
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Project: 2008-01. Report - Nectria fuckeliana field guide
- An updated guide with text and illustrations entitled “Field Guide to symptoms of Nectria fuckeliana cankers”. Published in a flip–top format.
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Scion
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3.40 MB
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.pdf
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2008
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Project: 2007-04. Report - DNA-based identification of needle pathogens
- Commercially available DNA extraction kits are generally as reliable as a “homemade” lab-based method for extracting DNA from needle lesions infected with Dothistroma. However in experiments to determine the minimum number of lesions required for extraction the success was variable with all methods, although sufficient DNA for PCR amplification could be obtained from as few as one or two lesions. A “whole-genome amplification” method is being trialed which may improve success rates with DNA extraction from single lesions. If successful, this method will be especially useful for herbarium samples.
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Bradshaw, Schwelm
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264.63 kB
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.pdf
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2007
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Project: 2007-03. Report - Management of Phytophthora in radiata pine seedlings
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Block 4 at Te Ngae nursery has recently suffered losses among Pinus radiata seedlings due to Phytophthora root rot. The purpose of this project was to investigate chemical and biological options under controlled environmental conditions for their ability to control root rot of P. radiata seedlings, caused by Phytophthora cinnamomi. This project complements FRST funded studies conducted at Te Ngae nursery where various integrated programmes are being evaluated for their ability to manage root rot under field conditions.
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HortResearch
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315.78 kB
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.pdf
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2007
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Project: 2007-02. Report - Towards an understanding of the causes of physiological needle blight in Pinus radiata
- Monitoring of climatic conditions within a radiata pine plantation with a history of PNB highlighted both a large reduction in relative humidity (RH) and an increase in soil temperature over a two–week period towards the end of September and beginning of October 2007. In laboratory–based experiments, reducing relative humidity from 90+ to 52% reduced needle water content, increased the water potential difference between the roots and needles and resulted in 40% death rate of needles after 10 days at the lower relative humidity. Reducing the RH from initial 65% or 58% to 52% did not adversely affect the plants. Soil temperature had no effect on needle water potential or needle water content.
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Gould, Bulman, Dick
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590.38 kB
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.pdf
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2007
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Project: 2007-01. Report - Various Forest Pest Updates
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Dick et al
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.pdf
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Project: 2005-04. Report - Biological control of Scotch broom (Cytisus scoparius) in New Zealand
- Release of Broom agents in the South Island
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Gourlay
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68.76 kB
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.pdf
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2008
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Project: 2005-03. Report - Detection of Nectria fuckeliana in wood cores from pruned and un–pruned Pinus radiata. Second year results
- The objective of this study was to resample pruned and unpruned Pinus radiata trees that were first sampled in 2006 and to use a DNA based method, as well as culturing, to detect the presence of Nectria fuckeliana. We wanted to confirm our results from 2006 which indicated that there was no significant difference between pruned and un–pruned trees and the presence of N. fuckeliana, determine if fungal incidence changed over time, and determine if there was a relationship between presence of the fungus and fluting.
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Power & Ramsfield
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392.20 kB
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.pdf
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Feb 2007
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Project: 2005-02. Report - Field Guide to symptoms of Nectria fuckeliana cankers
- Stem malformation, typically developing after pruning, has become a problem in some Pinus radiata plantations in part of the South Island of New Zealand over the last 10 years. Infection through the pruned branch stub may result in extensive stain and decay within the stem, although tree crowns remain green and healthy. Nectria fuckeliana, a Northern Hemisphere fungus which is commonly recorded there as a saprophyte or weak pathogen of species of Picea and Abies, is the most commonly isolated fungus from affected trees. Nectria fuckeliana had not been recorded in New Zealand prior to 1996, although it may have been present for some years prior to that date. Research into management of the disease is on–going, and for up to date advice and recommended strategies contact David Thode at PF Olsen.
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Dick
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2.17 MB
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.pdf
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2007
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Project: 2005-01. Report - A quick guide to diagnosing major foliage diseases of radiata pine in New Zealand
- During the spring months of September, October and November all the major foliage diseases of Pinus radiata in New Zealand may be seen. Confident separation of these disorders is important so that correct management decisions can be made. Diagnosis at a glance - this illustrated flier describes the differences between the diseases (Cyclaneusma needle cast, Dothistroma needle blight and Physiological Needle Blight) and also the similarities that can be the source of confusion. The A4 double–sided leaflet, contains colour photographs showing symptoms on trees and needles. Available as a laminated sheet or trifold leaflet, it is designed for easy field reference. Price: $3.00 per laminated sheet or $1.50 per trifold leaflet
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Dick, Bulman
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1.70 MB
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.pdf
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2007
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Project: 2004-04. Report - Risk assessment of European pests of Pinus radiata
- Reports from southern Europe indicate that Pinus radiata planted there is highly susceptible to attack by several European pests of pines. In particular, repeated outbreaks of the pine processionary moth (Thaumetopoea pityocampa) have caused much damage in pine plantations in Spain and adjacent countries. Anecdotal reports suggest that P. radiata is more affected by insect pests than the native pines,
although there is limited experimental evidence. We undertook a study that combined (1) a review of published and unpublished information on pests affecting P. radiata in Europe and (2) experimental work on insect pests of P. radiata in plantation forests in the Spanish Basque Country and in south–west France. The objectives were:
• to summarise the key characteristics of European pests of Pinus radiata and the damage they can cause,
• to compare the susceptibility of Pinus radiata and other exotic and native pines to these pests,
• and to discuss the implications for forest biosecurity in New Zealand.
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Ensis
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788.09 MB
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.pdf
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2006
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Project: 2004-03. Report - Biological control agents for weeds in New Zealand: A Field Guide
- Alien weeds, including exotic grasses, shrubs, vines and trees, pose a serious and increasing threat to all of New Zealand’s ecosystems. Unless current control is improved more than 575 000 ha of high priority conservation land will soon be threatened by weeds. In the longer term, the ecosystem-altering effects of invasive plants will have serious impacts on New Zealand’s indigenous biodiversity and productive sectors, by altering hydrological regimes, disturbing the flow of energy and nutrients, and changing the structure and composition of native communities. The financial cost of weeds is also huge. For example, in 1982 the cost of pastoral weeds alone (in terms of production losses plus weed control expenditure) was estimated to be $393 million per annum, which equates to about $1.1 billion today. Biological control is increasingly being recognised as an important tool for managing New Zealand’s serious weed problems. Successful biological control for mist flower (Ageratina riparia), St John’s wort (Hypericum perforatum), and ragwort (Senecio jacobaea) means it is now uncommon for other control methods to be required. The need for control measures against alligator weed (Alternanthera philoxeroides), Mexican devil weed (Ageratina adenophora), and nodding thistle (Carduus nutans) has also been substantially reduced. This field guide explains how to find and recognise biocontrol agents that have been deliberately and successfully introduced to attack weeds in New Zealand. The most significant of the self-introduced and native species that commonly attack weeds in New Zealand are also covered. Species currently under development are not included but we hope to produce additional pages for them in the future.
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Hayes
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1.52MB
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.pdf
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2005
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Project: 2004-02. Report - Nectria regional survey 2004 – where did we go wrong and improvements for the future
- A disease incidence and severity survey for Nectria fuckeliana was carried out in Otago and Southland from January to April 2004. A field audit of selected plots showed that at the plot level there were significant errors and the original data were not suitable for detailed analysis. The FHRC commissioned an evaluation of survey methods in order to identify errors and recognise deficiencies so that these are not repeated in future surveys. This report recommends procedures to ensure best practice for forest disease surveys.
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Bulman
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173.15 kB
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.pdf
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2006
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Project: 2004-01. Report - Investigation of the relationship between Sphaeropsis sapinea and Nectria fuckeliana
- This study attempted to determine if initial infection of Pinus radiata by Sphaeropsis sapinea predisposes the tree to infection by Nectria fuckeliana
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Power, Ramsfield
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618.38 kB
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.pdf
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2004
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Project: 2003-02. Report - Assessment of needle–cast diseases using aerial photographs
- Periodic defoliation of radiata pine by the eco–physiological disorder known as Strasseria appears to have increased in frequency over the last 20 years. This disorder, as well as Cyclaneusma needle–cast, results in growth loss. A survey technique was trialed to assess the incidence and severity of Cyclaneusma needlecast from aerial photographs. It was based upon a visual interpretation of very large scale aerial imagery.
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Project: 2003-01. Report - Forest Condition Monitoring Strategy
- The development of the Viewpoint method for monitoring forest health was an initiative of CHH Forests. A paper describing the method in more detail and its relationship to the PSP method is included at the end of this report
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CHH
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86.30 kB
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.pdf
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2003
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